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Demid Sofonovich Pyanda () or, according to some sources, Panteley Demidovich Pyanda (),〔 also spelled Penda ()〔 (? – after 1637) was among the first and most important Russian explorers of Siberia. According to few historical documents and later reconstructions based on them, Pyanda, in 1620-1623, while leading a party which was hunting for Siberian furs and buying them from the locals, became the first known Russian to ascend the Lower Tunguska River and reach the proximity of the Lena, one of the world's greatest rivers. According to later legendary accounts, collected a century after his journey, Pyanda allegedly discovered the Lena River, explored much of its length, and via the Angara River returned to the Yenisey, whence he came. Thus, in three and a half years from 1620-24 Pyanda explored some 1,430 miles (2,300 km) of the Lower Tunguska's length, and possibly some 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of the Lena and some 870 miles (1400 km) of the Angara (the Lower Tunguska and Angara both are Yenisey's largest tributaries). In total, Pyanda may have discovered about 5,000 miles (8000 km) of hitherto unknown large Siberian rivers.〔I.P. Magidovich, V.I. Magidovich. pp. 270-271〕 He may have discovered Yakutia and was possibly the first Russian to meet Yakuts as well as Buryats. He also proved that the Angara (a Buryat name) and Upper Tunguska (Verkhnyaya Tunguska, as initially known by Russians) are one and the same river. == Name and identity == ''Pyanda'' was a nickname, meaning a fur brim of ''malitsa'', which was a kind of Samoyedic clothes made from reindeer skin. ''Pyanda'' was made from dog fur of different colours and was added to ''malitsa'' for beauty. In the first third of the 17th century there were two men in Yakutia with the nickname ''Pyanda''. One was Pyanda Safonov (the son of Safon, or Sofon) named Demid – his name appeared in documents in 1637. The other was Panteley Demidovich Pyanda (probably a son of Pyanda Safonov) – his name was recorded in 1643. The great explorer most likely was named Demid Sofonovich Pyanda.〔I.P. Magidovich, V.I. Magidovich. pp. 268-269〕 Only a few original documents on Pyanda exist, and his deeds are mostly known by the records collected some 100 years later, in the 18th century, especially during the Great Northern Expedition, launched by the Russian government to establish the Arctic and Pacific coastline of Russia and find a way to the Americas. At the same time, the so-called Academic Squad of that expedition pioneered the research of the Siberian nature and history. The German-born historian Gerhardt Friedrich Müller found a document in the Siberian archives, proving that the winter settlement ''Pyandino'' on the upper part of the Lower Tunguska already existed in 1624, which meant that it had been established at least a year before. The legend of Pyanda and his journey on the Lena and Angara was recorded by naturalist Johann Georg Gmelin (another German in the Russian service), while he was travelling in the regions of the Yenisey and Lena.〔(The discovery of the Lena River, part 2 ) at arctic.izvestia.ru 〕 Müller also recorded some legends about Pyanda in Siberia.〔(Panteley Pyanda. The journey from Turukhansk to Turukhansk ) at turuhansk-region.ru 〕 On the basis of the Cossack hearsay stories, the document about Pyandino and a few mentions of Pyanda's name in other documents academician Alexey Okladnikov reconstructed Pyanda's alleged journey, as it is presented in the sections below.〔Okladnikov A. P. (1949)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demid Pyanda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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